Heating and ventilating houses



Patented AugfZ, 1887.

' P. D. PIKE.

HEATING AND VBNTILATING HOUSES.

IlllllllllllllHHllllllllllllld'llllllllllll"""IIIIHIIII|||I|||I|||Hlullllllllllllqyv (No Model.)

N PElEfls Pmuimu han Washington. D1 C.

Underneath is the fire-chamber B, with an or- UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE.

'PAPHEO D. PIKE, or sPENcEE, MASSACHUSETTS.

HEATING AND VENTI LATING HOUSES.

SPECIFICATION iorming part of Letters Patent No. 367,660, dated August2, 1887.

Application filOdJflHQ 29, 1886. Serial No. 20am. (N6 model.)

T0 aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, PAPHRO D. PIKE, of Spencer, in the county ofVorcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Heating and Ventiheat applied thereto.

The general purpose of the construction is to economize fuel, regulatethe heat,'and to supply it to the rooms for their uniform heating andthorough ventilation; and in connec tion. with the main features of theinvention above specified I have included improved de-- tails ofconstruction, all as hereinafter set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure I represents in verticalcross-section part of the floors and rooms of the house with the furnaceand boilers in longitudinal vertical section, and with the pipes andradiators and their connections mainly in side elevation. Fig. 2 is avertical cross-section of the furnace and boiler. Fig. 3 is a verticalsection of a part of the indirect radiator with its pipes and automaticregulating device.

Referring to Fig. 1, A represents the boilers.

dinary grate. The products of combustion pass over the fire-bridge wallin the direction of the arrow through the return-fines a and through apassage, 1), over the top of the boiler, and thence into the chimney.The passage 1) is formed by a suitable iron plate, b, above which is anair-chamber, 0, intermediate between the outer air and the radiators.The

shell of this chamber is made of sheet or cast iron and is adapted tocontain the air received from the outside and to hold it long enough toallow it to derive some heat from the boiler. through. the plate whichseparates it from the passage I). The heat thus derived is taken fromthe products of combustion after they have passed through the boiler,and thus a saving of heat is effected, which would otherwise go towaste. The air is admitted into the chamber 0 through a large pipe, D,the capacity of which is equal to the sum of the capacity of all thepipes which lead from the chamber 0. Avalve, d, in this pipe regulatesthe admission of air to the chamber, and outside of this is a,filtering'diaphragm, Z, composed of sheets of cotton-batting heldbetween wire-netting or perforated plate. The valve (1 has a pinion, 1,on its shaft, which is oper' ated by a segment, 2, pivoted at 3 on anarm. The end 4 of this arm is connected with an expansion-rod located inthe boiler or some of its connections, so as to be acted upon by theheat.

The expansion-rod in construction and arrangement is of the ordinarykind, but is shown in Fig. 2, where the rod marked 5 is shown, as beingarranged to cross the boiler connected to the end t of the segmentarm bymechanism (5 7 S. Theintermediate air-chamber, G, is connected byair-pipes to the chambers c c, which surround the radiators E E.Thefurnace is supposed to be located in the basement,andthe radiatorsarebeneath the first floor.

The air-chamber of the radiator E com municates with the apartments onthe first floor by means of an ordinary register, 1. The air from thechamber cis taken from the air-pipe 1 through a register in the secondfloor; but manifestly the chamber 0 and radiator E might be locatedbeneath the second floor with the same effect. The air-pipe It leadsdirectly from the intermediate chamber, 0, to the chamber 0, and a pipe,h, leads from the airpipe II to the chamber 0. Steam-pipes k In takesteam from the large steam-pipes to the radiators, E E. The pipes Z Zare the returnpipes which bring back the water of (3011(1011' sation tothe boiler through the main returnpipe L.

From the construction thus far shown it will be apparent that the airbrought in from the outside of the building will first be conducted intothe intermediate chamber, 0,

' when it impinges against them.

where it will be exposed to the heat from the bottom over the passage 1)by the heat transmitted from the products of combustion. The air thusheated passes to the chambers c c, which surround the radiators, whereair is admitted directly from the outside to the chant ber whichincludes the radiator. The effect of this is that all air of very lowtemperature such as that brought from an atmosphere where thethermometer is below zero-is ex eluded from the radiators, and they arenot chilled or clogged by-too rapid condensation.

It is to be understood that the air is not held in the intermediatechamber long enough to raise it to the required heat for the rooms, butonly long enough to raiseit to such a tempera ture that it will notunduly chill the radiators Further, the degree of heat in the boilerdetermines the amount of air admitted through the supplypipe. Theexpansion of the rod in the boiler under heat, operating through segment2, opens the valve d, and a higher degree of heat increases the openingand the amount of air admitted. The contraction of the rod operating thevalve in the opposite direction reduces the opening and diminishes theamount of air admitted. This tends to produce a more even and uniformheat in the air and to vary the amount of air supplied with varyingtemperature of the boiler. I also locate in the branch pipes whichsupply air to the radiators valves 9 and 10, and connect them by mechair.ism such as that shown in Fig. 2 to an expansion-rod located within thechambers in which the radiators are placed, so that these pipes areclosed automatically by the contraction-of the rod when the steam isshut off from the radiators and opened more and more as the heatincreases by the introduction of steam to the radiators. XVhen',therefore, the steam is shut off from these radiators,the air is alsoexcluded to a greater or less extent, according to the degree of heat inthe radiators, and with this automatic arrangen'ient of valves inconnection with the airpipcs and the radiators the apartments are notcooled by the current of cold air when the steam is shut off from theradiators. The arrangement of mechanism by which the valve in theair-pipes h h is operated is shown in Fig. 3, which is a section throughthe center of the chamber 0 at right angles to the side shown in Fig. 1.It may represent either chamber 0 or 0, these being the same. Thesection is lengthwise through one of the divisions of the radiator E.The expansion-rod 15 bears against a belLcrank lever, 16, the arm ofwhich is Weighted and connected by a rod, 17, to the lever-arm 18 of thesegment, which meshes into the pinion on the stem of the valve in thehorizontal part of the pipe It. By means of bell-crank lever 19 and acord or chain, 20, (shown in dotted lines,) the stem-rod may be made tooperate the valvein a distant part of the pipe h.

The intermediate chamber, 0, may be used in connection with the directradiator with the same beneficial'effcct of supplying air to theapartment in which the direct radiator is sitir ated without undulychilling and clogging the radiator. His represented in Fig. 1 asextending to a thin sheet-iron compartment,m, located within or by theside of aradiator, M, arranged upon the third floor, which mayrepresent, however, any floor. An extension of the same pipe, K,supplies this radiator, and it is also connected to the return-pipe L tocomplete the circuit. The air chamber is perforated toward the bra nchesof the radiator, so that the air, partially warm and supplied from theintermediate chamber, 0, is discharged against the ra diator, and thuswarmed to a suflicient degree for the comfort of the occupants of theroom.

The air-pipe II may also have a valve operated by an expansion-rodconnected to the radiator with connections, all as shown in Fig. 8, sothat when the steam is excluded from the radiator M the air at the sametime will be automatically shut off. The action of the intermediatechamber in relation to the radiator M and the supply of air thereto isthe same inappearance as its'action and connection with its radiators EE, the difi'erence be tween the two radiators being that radiator M actsas a direct radiator as well as to heat the air from the perforatedchamber m, in respect to which it acts as an indirect radiator orairheating apparatus, while the radiators E E, inclosed in air-chambersand preferably located beneath the floor, act only as indirect radiatorsand do not radiate heat directly into the room.

I may use in connection with this heating apparatus a ventilating-pipeor system of ventilating-pipes, 0, opening into the apartments, as shownat 0.

I claim as my invention 1. In combination, a boiler, a radiator or 1adiators having steanrconnections therewith, an air chamber, 0, situatedadjacent to the boiler, whereby the contained air is heated, a hot-airpipe or pipes leading from said chamber to the radiator or radiators, anair-supply pipe leading from the said chamber to the outside air, avalve, (1, arranged therein, an operating (3XtGl1SlO11-lO(l for saidvalve located in the boiler and acted upon directly by the heat thereof,whereby when the said heat is great the said valve is opened and whenthe heat is low the valve will be closed, thus excluding the cold airfrom the air chamber, pipes, and radiators, all substantially asdescribed.

2. In combination, a boiler, the intermediate air-chamber, a radiatorconnected with the boiler by steam'pipes, an air pipeleading from theintermediate chamber to the radiator, a valve in the said pipe, and anextension-rod located in the radiator and connected to the said valvefor automatically operating it, all substantially as described.

3. In combination with the boiler, an inter- The continuation II of theair-pipe I mediate air-chamber and its connection with the atmosphere, adirect radiator, M, having steam-connection with boiler, and anair-chamber, as an, perforated to discharge air against the radiator,and having air-pipes connecting it with the intermediate air-chamber,all substantially as described.

4. In combination, the furnace B, the boiler, thefiues a in said boiler,by which the products of combustion are carried back and forth,

V the passage 7), extending approximately the length of the boiler forthe exit of said products of combustion, the chamber 0, adjacent

